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Gilbert "Gil" Scott-Heron (April 1, 1949 – May 27, 2011)〔(Gil Scott-Heron, Poet And Musician, Has Died ) Daoud Tyler-Ameen, NPR.org〕 was an American soul and jazz poet,〔Kot, Greg (May 26, 2011). (Turn It Up: Gil Scott-Heron, soul poet, dead at 62 ). ''Chicago Tribune''. Retrieved on June 6, 2011.〕〔Preston, Rohan B (September 20, 1994). (Scott-heron's Jazz Poetry Rich In Soul – Chicago Tribune ). ''Chicago Tribune''. Retrieved on June 6, 2011.〕 musician, and author, known primarily for his work as a spoken word performer in the 1970s and 1980s. His collaborative efforts with musician Brian Jackson featured a musical fusion of jazz, blues, and soul, as well as lyrical content concerning social and political issues of the time, delivered in both rapping and melismatic vocal styles by Scott-Heron. His own term for himself was "bluesologist",〔Ben Sisario, ("Gil Scott-Heron, Voice of Black Protest Culture, Dies at 62" ) ''The New York Times'' (May 28, 2011). Retrieved May 29, 2011〕 which he defined as "a scientist who is concerned with the origin of the blues".〔Onstage at the Black Wax Club in Washington, D.C. in 1982, Scott-Heron cited Harlem Renaissance writer Langston Hughes, Sterling Brown, Jean Toomer, Countee Cullen and Claude McKay as among those who had "taken the blues as a poetry form" in the 1920s and "fine-tuned it" into a "remarkable art form".〕〔Gil Scott-Heron in a live performance in 1982 with the Amnesia Express at the Black Wax Club, Washington, D.C. ''Black Wax'' (DVD) Directed by Robert Mugge.〕 His music, most notably on ''Pieces of a Man'' and ''Winter in America'' in the early 1970s, influenced and helped engender later African-American music genres such as hip hop and neo soul. Scott-Heron remained active until his death, and in 2010 released his first new album in 16 years, entitled ''I'm New Here''. A memoir he had been working on for years up to the time of his death, ''The Last Holiday'', was published, posthumously in January 2012. His recording work received much critical acclaim, especially one of his best-known compositions "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised".〔 ==Early years== Gil Scott-Heron was born in Chicago, Illinois.〔 His mother, Bobbie Scott-Heron, was an opera singer who performed with the New York Oratorio Society. Scott-Heron's father, Gil Heron, nicknamed "The Black Arrow", was a Jamaican football player in the 1950s who became the first black man to play for Celtic Football Club in Glasgow. Gil's parents separated in his early childhood〔Alec Wilkinson, ("New York is Killing Me" ) ''The New Yorker'' (August 9, 2010). Retrieved May 29, 2011〕 and he was sent to live with his maternal grandmother, Lillie Scott, in Jackson, Tennessee.〔Dacks, David (Pioneering Poet: Gil Scott-Heron ) at ''Exclaim!'' March 2010.〕〔Harold, Claudrena (Deep in the Cane: The Southern Soul of Gil Scott-Heron ), ''Southern Spaces'' 12 July 2011.〕 When Scott-Heron was 12 years old, his grandmother died and he returned to live with his mother in the Bronx, New York City. He enrolled at DeWitt Clinton High School,〔 but later transferred to The Fieldston School〔 after impressing the head of the English department with one of his writings and earning a full scholarship.〔 As one of five black students at the prestigious school, Scott-Heron was faced with alienation and a significant socioeconomic gap. During his admissions interview at Fieldston, an administrator asked him, "'How would you feel if you see one of your classmates go by in a limousine while you're walking up the hill from the subway?' And () said, 'Same way as you. Y'all can't afford no limousine. How do you feel?'" This type of intractable boldness would become a hallmark of Scott-Heron's later recordings. Scott-Heron attended Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, as it was the college chosen by his biggest influence Langston Hughes. It was here that Scott-Heron met Brian Jackson with whom he formed the band Black & Blues. After about two years at Lincoln, Scott-Heron took a year off to write the novels ''The Vulture'' and ''The Nigger Factory''. The Last Poets performed at Lincoln in 1969 and Abiodun Oyewole of that Harlem group said Scott-Heron asked him after the performance, "Listen, can I start a group like you guys?"〔 Scott-Heron returned to New York City, settling in Chelsea, Manhattan. ''The Vulture'' was published in 1970 and well received. Although Scott-Heron never received his undergraduate degree, he received a master's degree in Creative Writing in 1972 from Johns Hopkins University. His 1972 masters thesis was titled ''Circle of Stone''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gil Scott-Heron」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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